The benefits of analyzing thermal performance using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models at the board and server level are well understood. This practice, established for decades, has proven to be more cost effective with respect to product design while yielding faster times to market than earlier nonsimulation methods. In addition, thermal margins have been drastically reduced without compromising performance and reliability. For the same reasons, data center designers also rely on CFD to ensure the most cost effective room layout without compromising server inlet air flow and temperature.